THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES BY LAW ENFORCEMENT SUBJECTS: PECULIARITIES OF LEGAL REGULATION

Abstract

This article examines the legal dimensions of implementing artificial intelligence (AI) technologies within law enforcement operations. While a foundational theoretical framework for AI integration exists, the study identifies critical legislative gaps regarding the specific legal status of law enforcement agencies in this domain. The research highlights that AI deployment carries inherent risks, including potential human rights infringements, privacy violations, data breaches, and algorithmic bias, which may threaten national and military security. Conversely, the author argues that a categorical rejection of AI is untenable; given the rapid digitalization of criminal activity and the rise of AI-driven cyber threats, law enforcement must adopt these tools to maintain systemic efficacy. To address these challenges, the paper proposes comprehensive legislative reforms to define the legal grounds for AI application. Key recommendations include establishing admissibility criteria for AI-based solutions, implementing robust internal and external oversight mechanisms, and defining liability for misuse. Furthermore, the study advocates for a statutory ban on AI systems that lack transparency, auditability, or sufficient cybersecurity guarantees. In the context of ongoing Russian military aggression, these measures are framed as vital components of Ukraine’s national and information security. Finally, the article stresses the need to regulate non-state law enforcement, specifically by establishing AI-related guidelines for private detective and corporate security services.